Etonitat uye ine hukama neopioid agonist benzimidazole yakawanikwa mukupera kwema1950 nechikwata chevaongorori veSwitzerland vanoshanda pakambani yemishonga yeCIBA (yava kunzi Novartis).Imwe yemakomisheni ekutanga akaongororwa nechikwata cheSwitzerland yaive 1-(beta-diethylaminoethyl) -2-benzyl benzimidazole, yakawanikwa iine 10% ye morphine's analgesic activity in rodent bioassometry.Kuwana uku kwakakurudzira chikwata kuti chitange ongororo yakarongeka ye2-benzyl benzimidazole uye kumisa hukama hwemaitiro emhuri iyi itsva yevanopedza marwadzo.Nzira mbiri dzekubatanidza dzakagadzirwa kuti dzigadzirire makomisheni aya.

Nzira yekutanga inosanganisira condensation ye o-phenylenediamine ne phenylacetonitrile kuti iite 2-benzylbenzimidazole.Iyo benzimidazole inobva yaiswa alkylated neinodiwa 1-chloro-2-dialkyl aminoethane kugadzira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.Iyi imwe nzira inonyanya kukosha pakugadzira benzimidazole isina zvinotsiva paring yebenzene

Iyo yakanyanya kuumbwa [4] yakagadzirwa neboka reSwitzerland kutanga inosanganisira alkylation ye2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene ine 1-amino-2-diethylaminoethane kuumba N-(β-diethylaminoethyl) -2, 4-dinitroaniline [aka: N' - (2, 4-dinitrophenyl) -n, n-diethyl-ethane-1, 2-diamine].The 2-nitro substituents pa2, 4-dinitroaniline makomisheni anobva asarudzwa kuderedzwa kusvika anoenderana maamine ekutanga nekushandisa ammonium sulfide seanoderedza agent.Ammonium sulfide inogona kugadzira hydrogen sulfide gas in situ nekuwedzera concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution uye kuizadza nemushonga.Iyo yepakati inoumbwa nekusarudzwa kuderedzwa kwe2-nitro-substituent 2- (β-diethylaminoethyl aminoethyl) -5-nitroaniline, iyo inobva yaita nemiminoethyl ether hydrochloride ye4-ethoxy phenylacetonitrile (aka: p-ethoxy benzyl cyanide).Iminoether, 2-(4-ethoxy phenyl) -acetyliminoate ethyl ester hydrochloride, inogadzirirwa segasi nekunyungudutsa 4-inotsiviwa benzyl cyanide mumusanganiswa weanhydrous ethanol uye chloroform, uye zvino inozadza mhinduro neanhydrous hydrogen chloride.Kuita pakati pe2-(beta-dialkyl aminoalkyl amine) -5-nitroaniline uye hydrochloride yeminoethyl ether inoguma pakuumbwa kwe etonitrazine.Iyo nzira inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirira kwe4-, 5-, 6- uye 7-nitrobenzimidazole.Kusarudzwa kweakachinjwa eminoethers ephenylacetic acid anogona kupa makomisheni ane akawanda anotsiva panzvimbo yebenzene 2-saiti.

Mazhinji analogues anozivikanwa, imwe chete imwe komputa inocherekedza yakatorwa kubva kuongororo yekutanga muma1950s ndeye clonitacetone, iyo isina kusimba zvakanyanya kupfuura etonissini (inenge 3 times morphine).Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kubva pakupera kwegore ra2018, akati wandei emagadzirirwo analogues akatanga kuoneka pamusika usiri pamutemo pasirese, aine makomisheni ane mukurumbira ari metronidazole, isonidazole uye ettazine, asi mamwe anoramba achionekwa.